Rotator
One of the rotatores (muscles); 2. Muscle that produces a rotation, alone or in concert with other rotators, around an axis, for example, rotator muscles of vertebral column. Synonym(s): musculus rotator TA, rotator rotatores (muscles) TA deepest of the three layers of transversospinalis muscles, chiefly developed in the.
The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles that hold your upper arm in place in your shoulder. It helps you make all the motions of your arm and shoulder.The head of your upper arm bone, also called the humerus, fits into the socket of your shoulder blade, or scapula. When you extend your arm out away from your body, the rotator cuff muscles keep it from popping out of the socket, or glenoid.Rotator cuff injuries are very common, especially in people over 40, athletes, and people whose work involves repeatedly lifting their arms overhead. Conservative treatments are usually successful. Four muscles make up the rotator cuff: the subscapularis, teres minor, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus. Together they assist in stabilizing the shoulder joint as well as in performing various arm movements.Four muscles and their attached tendons make up the rotator cuff. Each of them aids in a specific motion of your shoulder.
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All together they help hold your upper arm in place in the shoulder socket.All four muscles originate in your shoulder blade, but the other end of the muscle leads to different parts of your upper arm bone.The acronym SITS can help you remember these four muscles:. Supraspinatus is responsible for movement away from the centerline of your body (abduction). The supraspinatus produces about the first 15 degrees of motion. After that, your deltoid and trapezius muscles take over.
Infraspinatus is the main muscle responsible for lateral rotation of your arm away from the centerline of your body. It’s a thick triangular muscle. It covers the back of your shoulder blade deep below the skin and close to the bone. Teres minor is a small, narrow muscle on the back of your shoulder blade just below the infraspinatus. It also contributes to lateral (external) rotation of your arm. Subscapularis is a large triangular-shaped muscle that lies below the other three. It’s the strongest, largest, and most used of the four rotator cuff muscles.
It participates in most shoulder motions but is especially important for rotation of your arm toward the midline of your body (medial rotation). Unlike the other three muscles, the subscapularis attaches to the front, not the back, of your upper arm.Each of these four muscles attaches to the upper part of your humerus at a different point. From top to bottom, their order is the same as the acronym:. Supraspinatus.
Infraspinatus. Teres minor.
Subscapularis. Who visit a doctor with shoulder pain have a problem with their rotator cuff.A rotator cuff injury can happen suddenly, such as falling on your outstretched arm. Or it can develop slowly, resulting from repetitive motions or age-related degeneration.Here are some of the types of rotator cuff injuries:. Tendinopathy.
This is the tendons. And are variations. Rotator cuff tendinitis is considered the of rotator cuff injury. It can develop from:.
age-related degeneration. overuse.
repetitive motion. trauma.
Impingement. This occurs when the top of the shoulder (the acromion) and irritates the rotator cuff. Between of all shoulder pain is thought to come from subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS), which is the most common shoulder disorder. Bursitis.
The bursa around the rotator cuff can fill with fluid and swell. Partial tears of the rotator cuff tendons.
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The tendon is but isn’t torn away from the bone. Full-thickness tears. The tendon is completely torn from the bone. Chronic degeneration is usually the reason.
Bone spurs. These can form when rotator cuff tendons rub on the shoulder bones. Don’t always cause a rotator cuff injury. Symptoms of rotator cuff injuries vary by individual.
They may include:. pain in the shoulder area, usually described as a dull ache. difficulty in moving your arm in daily activities, like combing hair. weakness or stiffness in your shoulder muscles. pain that increases at night, making it difficult to sleep on the affected side. cracking or popping sounds when you move your armSome people with a rotator cuff injury may not feel any pain.
The condition can be progressive, with degeneration occurring slowly. Only one-third of rotator cuff tears cause pain, according to a. Your treatment for a rotator cuff injury will depend on the type of damage. For most rotator cuff injuries, doctors prescribe conservative treatment. Nonsurgical treatmentConservative treatment includes:. rest. icing the area for 20 minutes at a time a few times a day.
modifications of activities involving shoulder use. like ibuprofen, whether over-the-counter or prescription. to stretch and strengthen the shoulder blade and other muscles. stretching while taking a hot shower. injectionsNewer types of conservative treatment now under study include:.
(hypertonic dextrose injection).Research estimates that conservative treatment is effective in of cases of full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Most people regain their range of motion and strength after. Surgical treatmentIf symptoms persist or worsen, your doctor may recommend surgery. Your doctor will also prescribe surgery for severe shoulder injuries.Discuss with your doctor which type of surgery is best for your particular injury. Options include:.
Open surgery. This is the most invasive. It may be needed for complex repairs. Arthroscopic surgery.
A miniature camera guides your surgeon to do the repair. This requires only small incisions.
It’s the most common type of surgery. Mini-open surgery. Your surgeon uses miniature instruments to do the repair.
This requires only a small incision.Recovery times from surgery vary depending on the type of surgery and extent of your injury. In some cases, healing can take, but most people are back to their normal activities and recover much sooner than that.are successful. Talk with your doctor about ways to increase a good outcome. For example, if you smoke, this will involve quitting. People who smoke are to have a poorer surgical outcome.Physical therapy is important for rehabilitation after surgery, too.
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